小麦生育期
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第1周生长期. The plants this week are at approximately the 1 leaf stage. Seeding depth was approximately 1 inch deep. 小麦通常有4-5个种子根，大麦可能有多达7个种子根. The number that develops is dependent on variety, seed vigor and soil conditions.Growing degree days: from planting (3/29) to emergence (4/16) = 155. Growing degree days: from emergence (4/16) to 1 leaf stage (4/20) = 89.5. Accumulated growing degree days (planting to 1 leaf stage) = 244.5. Zadoks scale: 11, Feekes scale: 1, Haun scale: 1.1
第二周生长期. Plants are at roughly the two leaf stage. They are not finished developing their second leaf. Growing degree days for week of 4/19 - 4/25 = 130.5. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 2 leaf stage) = 177. Zadoks scale: 12, Feekes scale: 1, Haun scale: 1.8. Pictures taken April 26.
第三周生长阶段. This week the plants are at the two and three leaf stage. They are still developing their 3rd leaf. 小麦和大麦的交替叶型越来越明显. 叶片在谷物上交替形成，奇数叶片从茎的一侧产生，偶数叶片从茎的另一侧产生. When counting leaves on cereals, the first formed leaf is numbered 1, the second leaf is numbered 2, 等等....... Tillers are counted in the same manner. 分蘖1来自叶片1的基部，分蘖2来自叶片2的基部，以此类推. Growing degree days for week of 4/26 - 5/2 = 110. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 5/2) = 277.5. Zadoks scale: 13, Feekes scale: 1, Haun scale: 2.5. Growers should begin scouting fields for wild oats at this time. Wild oats develop in a similar manner as wheat and barley. Speed of leaf development is also similar. 因为野生燕麦对出苗期除草剂的敏感性受发育阶段的影响, it is important to properly identify the stages. One can also use the GDD information to estimate how long it will take wheat, barley or wild oat to reach specific stages. Many wild oat herbicides use seedling growth stages in label recommendations. 5月3日拍摄.
第4周生长期. Whitebird has three fully developed leaves and one tiller. Merit barley is about a full leaf ahead of Whitebird wheat this week. 这表明白鸟比功绩需要更多的GDD来发展每片叶子. 分蘖发育的数量取决于遗传和环境因素. Some varieties are more free tillering than others. 大麦 is generally more free tillering than wheat. Stresses resulting from inclement weather, too little or too much water in the soil, 土壤压实, 深播种, or nutrients out of balance may all cause decreased numbers of tillers to develop. 由于植株之间的竞争，很高的播种率也会减少分蘖数. 5/3 - 5/9周生长天数= 83累计生长天数(出苗至5/9)= 360.5 Zadoks scale: 21, 感觉等级:2, Haun scale: 3.4. 本周最重要的是核电站正在发生但还不可见的事情. At this stage of growth, 主茎的头部已经开始发育，可以在放大镜下看到. This is the stage when maximum number of kernels/head is determined. 主茎头的最大粒数可能会在未来两周内最终确定. Head development for tillers follows the same sequence as for the main stem, but is delayed in timing just as tiller leaf appearance is. Any stress during this stage will result in reduced yield potential. 分蘖期温度高时，产量潜力降低. 温和的温度和较短的白天(较长的夜晚)将促进更多的穗状花序(小花)上的核芽的发育，并提供更多的籽粒/穗的潜力. At this point, the developing head is still below ground level. 直到分蘖完成，拔节开始，植株才会开始上升. 在这个时候还在发育，但在图片中还看不见的是不定根的芽. These roots develop from the crown nodes of the main stem and tillers, not from the seed as the seminal roots have. As adventitious roots develop, 植物将逐渐变得更加依赖它们，直到它们成为主要的根块. Stress in the seedbed will inhibit development and growth of these important roots. Pictures taken May 10 at early tillering (3 main stem leaves and 1 tiller).
第五周生长期. The wheat is fully one leaf behind the barley. (Phyllochron是用来描述连续出现的叶子之间的间隔的术语.) Growing degree days for week of 5/10 - 5/16 = 74. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 5/16) = 434.5. Zadoks scale: 21, 感觉等级:2, Haun scale: 3.3. This plant has a developed T0 tiller, tiller 1 and tiller 2. The main stem has four fully developed leaves and the fifth leaf is about 0.3 .像叶子一样长. 小麦的籽粒也在发育，比大麦的稍晚一些. The adventitious roots are developing and are just visible in the photograph. Neither wheat nor barley has started to joint at this time. 它们很快将进入一个非常快速的生长阶段，需要无限量的水和养分供应来维持目前设定的产量潜力. 在此期间，制作人应该尽一切可能将压力降到最低. 为了进行比较，一个正在发育的冬小麦籽粒与一角硬币相邻(如下所示)。. The winter wheat had four detectable nodes at this stage. Developing winter wheat head at jointing stage (four detectable nodes). Pictures taken May 17 at tillering (four main stem leaves and two tillers).
第六周生长期. Growing degree days for week of 5/17 - 5/23 = 160.5 Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 5/23) = 595 Zadoks scale: 23, 感觉等级:2, 豪恩等级:5.7. Whitebird has not yet reached the jointing stage but when examined closely, the first joint was evident but still below the soil level. (当第一个接头高于土壤水平时，拔节正式开始.) This plant has a mainstem tiller, three primary tillers plus the T0 tiller. Secondary tillers are not yet developing. The developing heads are not yet visible to the unaided eye. From a physiological stage, the wheat is similar to where the barley was last week. 任何水分, 营养或其他胁迫会减少分蘖数和/或穗大小，从而降低产量. 植物开始进入一个非常快速的生长阶段(干物质积累). 从播种到现在，爱达荷州南部经历了比正常温度更低的温度，这有利于额外分蘖和更大的头的发育. 在此期间，温度升高将导致分蘖减少和穗小. 最近变暖的气温将给灌溉系统带来压力，植物将非常迅速地从一个阶段过渡到另一个阶段. Picture taken May 24 at tillering.
第七周生长阶段. Early in jointing stage. The plants this week are in a period of rapid growth and dry matter accumulation. The flag leaf will be the last leaf to emerge. 任何水分, 在此期间，营养或其他压力会迫使植株放弃分蘖或使头部较低的小花未发育，从而降低产量. Growing degree days for week of 5/24 - 5/31 = 236.5. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 5/31) = 831.5. Zadoks scale: 31, Feekes scale: 6, Haun scale: 7.3. 在主茎上发育的头刚刚高于地面，但在这个时候几乎看不见(大约). 1/8 to 3/16" in size). Pictures taken June 1.
第八周生长期. 拔节后期. 小麦 will soon develop flag leaves. Plants at this stage are quite susceptible to freeze damage. Less severe temperatures can cause damage when the heads are elevated in the plant. Freezes at this stage often cause entire kernels to be aborted. 开花后的冰冻可能导致籽粒流产，但也可能导致籽粒枯萎. 头出现 through flowering is the most sensitive time for freeze damage. Read "Spring Freeze Injury to Idaho 谷物" (Bulletin No. 724) for more about freeze damage. Growing degree days for week of 6/1 - 6/6 = 133.5. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 6/6) = 965. Zadoks scale: 34, Feekes scale: 7, Haun scale: 7.9. Developing head from Whitebird, soft white spring wheat, at late jointing stage. This head (from the main stem) was approximately 4-6 inches above ground. Pictures taken June 7 at late jointing.
第九周生长阶段. 启动中期. 本周植株正处于干物质积累最快的阶段. They are approaching the stage of maximum water use. On a hot and windy day, the plants will use as much as 0.4 inches of water a day and on a hot calm day they'll use as much as 0.3 inches of water per day. Growing degree days for week of 6/7 - 6/13 = 149.5. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 6/13) = 1114.5. Zadoks scale: 41, Feekes scale: 10, Haun scale: 8.5. A producer could still use Tilt and/or Cerone at this stage. Developing head from Whitebird, soft white spring wheat, at mid boot stage. 头顶上的草皮的尖端距离旗叶领子大约2-3英寸. Pictures taken June 14.
Week 10 Growth Stage. 头出现. 这是植物最容易受到冻害的时候，因为头部部分或全部暴露. 在此期间的任何压力都会影响正在发育的核内的细胞复制，从而减小核的总体大小. Proper timing of irrigation is crucial during this time. Growing degree days for week of 6/14 - 6/20 = 249. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 6/20) = 1363.5. Zadoks scale: 53, Feekes scale: 10.2、豪恩量表:10.4. 这个头大约有4英寸长(不包括雨棚)，大约1/4的头是从靴子里露出来的. Pictures taken June 21.
第十一周生长期. 开花的阶段. Growing degree days for week of 6/21 - 6/27 = 213.5 . Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 6/27) = 1577. Zadoks scale: 65, Feekes scale: 10.5.2、豪恩等级:11级.5. This head is approximately 5.5" long (excluding awns). Pictures taken June 28.
第12周生长期. 开花结束. The next stage will be the soft dough stage of kernel development. Generally, soft dough stage is the time for the last irrigation. 这对于淤泥壤土的生产者来说是正确的，因为土壤剖面充满水分. 砂质土壤的生产者可以在软面团阶段之后进行灌溉，以弥补土壤中的水分损失. 生产者需要记住，过量的灌溉会影响测试重量和饱满度, 增加住宿的机会，增加与住宿有关的疾病问题的风险. Excess irrigation in wheat will lower grain protein. Growing degree days for week of 6/28 - 7/5 = 210. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 7/5) = 1787. Zadoks scale: 69, Feekes scale: 10.5.2、豪恩等级:11级.6. This head is approximately 5.5" long (excluding awns). Pictures taken July 7.
第13周生长期. Early milk stage of kernel development. Growing degree days for week of 7/6 - 7/11 = 192.5. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 7/11) = 1979.5. Zadoks scale: 73, Feekes scale: 10.5.4、豪恩量表:13.0. This head is approximately 5.5" long (excluding awns). 初乳期从主茎头开始发育籽粒(抽穗后340生长度天). Pictures taken July 12.
Week 14 Growth Stage. Soft dough stage of kernel development. Growing degree days for week of 7/12 - 7/18 = 244.5. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 7/18) = 2227. Zadoks scale: 85, Feekes scale: 11.2、豪恩量表:14.0. This head is approximately 5.5" long (excluding awns). barley Developing kernel at soft dough stage from main stem head (584.5 Growing degree days from heading). Pictures taken July 19.
第十五周生长阶段. Early hard dough stage of kernel development. Growing degree days for week of 7/19 - 7/25 = 247. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 7/25) = 2474. Zadoks scale: 87, Feekes scale: 11.2、豪恩刻度:15.0. wheat This head is approximately 5.5" long (excluding awns). Developing kernel at early hard dough stage from main stem head (831.5 Growing degree days from heading). Pictures taken July 27.
第十六周生长阶段. 硬面团阶段. Growing degree days for week of 7/26 - 8/1 = 256. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 8/1) = 2730. Zadoks scale: 87, Feekes scale: 11.2、豪恩刻度:15.0. Developing kernel at hard dough stage from main stem head (1087.5 Growing degree days from heading). 8月拍摄. 8.
第十七周生长阶段. Kernel hard stage of ripening. Growing degree days for week of 8/2 - 8/8 = 264. Accumulated growing degree days (emergence to 8/8) = 2994. Zadoks scale: 91, Feekes scale: 11.3、豪恩刻度:16.0. wheat Kernel at kernel hard stage from main stem head (1351.5 Growing degree days from heading). 8月拍摄. 9.